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Virginia · self-employed · 1099 · solo ownersHealth Insurance in Virginia for Self-Employed People: What Are Your Options?
By Dick Tracy · Published August 29, 2026
If you are self-employed in Virginia, you have four doors, not one. Door one: a private plan that is medically underwritten, meaning it is priced on your health, with a true PPO network. Door two: a fixed-benefit plan that pays set dollar amounts per service, no network required. Door three: Virginia's Insurance Marketplace, the state-run exchange, which is the right call if you qualify for a subsidy or if your health would fail underwriting. Door four: a pre-established ERISA group plan you join as a solo owner. Healthy and over the 2026 subsidy cliff? Doors one, two, and four are usually where the value is. Under the cliff, or managing a serious condition? Door three first. I educate, you decide.
I'm Dick Tracy, an independent health insurance broker. I'm licensed in Virginia (NPN 20414610), one of 25 states I hold a license in, and I work with 80+ carriers. My office is in Buffalo, New York, and I work with Virginians the same way I work with everyone: on the phone or on Zoom, with the plan documents on the screen, whether you are in Fairfax, Richmond, Roanoke, or somewhere on the Eastern Shore. I left the healthcare side of the business, so there is no gag clause on me. You get the tips, the tricks, and the traps.
exchange
not healthcare.gov
underwritten health plans
from your federal figures
Marketplace: Virginia residents enroll at Virginia's Insurance Marketplace. Deduction rules: IRS Form 7206.
Why Virginia is a different ballgame than New York
Most of my clients are in Western New York, and New York is a community-rated state: every carrier has to charge a healthy person and a sick person the same premium for the same plan, and nobody can ask a health question. That protects sick people and it punishes healthy ones. Virginia does not work that way. Off the marketplace, a Virginia carrier can medically underwrite, which means it can ask about your health and price you on the answers. If you are healthy, that is a good thing. It is the reason a self-employed Virginian who earns too much for a subsidy often has better options than the same person in Buffalo. One thing to know: Virginia moved off healthcare.gov and now runs its own exchange, so if you have been typing healthcare.gov out of habit, the state site is where Virginia plans live now. We get shafted in New York. You do not have to.
The four doors, in the order I open them for a healthy owner
Door 1: a private plan priced on your health, with a true PPO
These plans ask health questions, and if you pass, you get a rate that reflects you rather than the sickest person in the pool. The networks are the big national PPO networks, the PHCS and MultiPlan type, so you are not locked into one hospital system's plan, and you keep your doctors if you cross the river into Maryland or DC for care. Many are guaranteed renewable, meaning once you are in, they cannot drop you for getting sick. This is the door I open first for a healthy self-employed person over the subsidy cliff, because the math usually maths.
Fits: healthy, no subsidy, wants to pick their own doctors. Does not fit: anyone with a condition that fails the questions. That is not a moral judgment, it is arithmetic, and it is why Door 3 exists.
Door 2: a fixed-benefit plan (what I call the red bucket)
A fixed-benefit plan pays a set dollar amount per service: this much for an office visit, this much per hospital day, this much for a surgery. It does not pay a percentage of the bill, and that is the whole point. There is no network, so you can cash-pay any doctor, hand in an itemized receipt with the diagnosis and procedure codes on it, and the carrier mails you a check. Premiums are usually well below a major-medical plan, and Virginia allows them. I explain these honestly because they get oversold: they are a foundation, not a roof. Pair one with catastrophic protection, or use it as the everyday layer on top of something bigger.
Fits: healthy people who want low premiums and are comfortable shopping for care like they shop for anything else. Does not fit: anyone expecting a big surgery or a chronic-condition year who wants one plan to carry the whole load.
Door 3: Virginia's Insurance Marketplace
Virginia runs its own exchange, and it takes everyone at the same price, no health questions, which makes it the safe harbor if you have a condition that would fail underwriting. It is also the only place a premium tax credit lives. Two things to know for 2026: the subsidy cliff is back, so one dollar of income over 400% of the poverty level means losing the entire credit, and there is no longer a cap on paying an overpaid subsidy back at tax time. Uncle Sam always comes back to collect. Before you count on a subsidy, run the free 2026 subsidy cliff calculator, and if you are self-employed, use your net profit, not your draw; the MAGI calculator walks you through the exact number.
Fits: anyone under the cliff, and anyone whose health rules out underwriting. Watch: many marketplace plans are built around one hospital system, so check that your doctors are in before you fall in love with a premium.
Door 4: a pre-established ERISA group plan
ERISA is a federal law from 1974 that governs employer benefit plans. There are group plans that already exist under it, and a solo owner can be merged into one. You get group rates, a true PPO network, and a policy you own and keep. No payroll, no employees required, one simple compliance step I walk you through. In New York this is the cheat code, because it is the only way around community rating. In Virginia it is one strong option among several, and for some owners it is still the winner, especially if a spouse or a family is on the policy too. Here is the full breakdown.
Fits: owners who want a group-style PPO and a policy that does not change when their income does.
How much does private health insurance cost in Virginia when you're self-employed?
I do not quote premiums on this page, and I would be suspicious of any page that does, because the honest answer depends on five things: your age, your county or city (Virginia prices Northern Virginia differently than Southwest Virginia), tobacco use, the network you choose, and whether the plan is underwritten. The first four move every plan. The fifth is the one that matters for a healthy self-employed person, because underwriting is the only lever that lets a carrier charge you for your health instead of for everyone's. On the marketplace, that lever does not exist. Off the marketplace in Virginia, it does. Give me those five facts and I will give you real numbers from real carriers, usually the same day.
People also ask me which individual health insurance providers in Virginia they can use. Two lists. On the state marketplace, the carriers you can pick depend on where you live. Off the marketplace, you add the carriers that offer privately underwritten plans on national PPO networks, fixed-benefit plans, and pre-established ERISA group plans. I put both lists side by side for your area. And one more thing about "cheapest." The cheapest plan is the one that costs least on the day nothing happens. The best plan is the one that costs least on the day something does. What kind of tank should we build? That is the question, not "what is the lowest premium."
Which door is for me?
Healthy, income over the 2026 cliff, no subsidy coming
Door 1 first, then price Door 4 against it. A private underwritten PPO usually beats an unsubsidized marketplace plan on both price and network. If you are married and the whole family is going on, the ERISA group plan can pull ahead.
Healthy, income under the cliff
Door 3, and check the math. A real subsidy is hard to beat. Just estimate your income honestly, because self-employed income moves and the 2026 rules have no repayment cap if you guess low.
A recent serious diagnosis or a condition that would fail health questions
Door 3, for now. The marketplace cannot turn you down or charge you more. Take it, get well, and we revisit the other doors at a later open enrollment.
Healthy, tight budget, and you shop for everything
Door 2, with a catastrophic layer on top. A fixed-benefit plan for the everyday stuff and something bigger for the roof. Foundation and roof, not one bloated plan that tries to be both.
Spouse has a group plan through their job, or a federal job
Look before you leap. Northern Virginia runs on employer and federal coverage, and the employer owns the rights to it. One job change, one contract ending, and the whole family is shopping at once. Some families keep the employee on the group plan and put everyone else on a private plan, so a single layoff cannot take out everybody.
Don't forget the write-off
Whichever door you pick, the premiums are usually deductible on your federal return through the self-employed health insurance deduction, no itemizing required, capped at your net profit minus half your self-employment tax, and only for months you were not eligible for an employer plan. Virginia's income tax starts from your federal adjusted gross income, so the deduction generally lowers your Virginia bill too. Run your number on the free self-employed deduction calculator, then confirm with your tax professional. And remember the plan is the bigger lever than the deduction. A cheaper plan saves you money twelve months a year. The deduction only gives some of it back in April.
Common questions from self-employed people in Virginia
What are the health insurance options for self-employed people in Virginia?
Four real doors. A private plan that is medically underwritten and priced on your health, usually with a national PPO network. A fixed-benefit plan that pays set dollar amounts per service with no network. Virginia's Insurance Marketplace, the state-run exchange, which takes everyone at the same price and is the only place a premium tax credit lives. And a pre-established ERISA group plan that a solo owner can join for group rates and a policy they own. Healthy and over the 2026 subsidy cliff, the underwritten and ERISA doors usually win. Under the cliff, or managing a condition, the marketplace is the right first stop.
What is the best health insurance for self-employed people in Virginia?
There is no single best plan, but there is a best plan for your situation. If you are healthy and your income is over the 2026 subsidy cliff, a privately underwritten plan with a true PPO network is usually where the best value lives, with a pre-established ERISA group plan as the plan to price it against. If you are under the cliff, Virginia's Insurance Marketplace with a subsidy is often the right first stop. If you are managing a serious condition, the marketplace is the safe harbor because it cannot ask health questions or charge you more.
How much does private health insurance cost in Virginia?
It depends on five things: your age, where in Virginia you live, tobacco use, the network you pick, and whether the plan is medically underwritten. Marketplace plans in Virginia cannot price on your health, so a healthy 40-year-old and a 40-year-old with three prescriptions pay the same rate. Privately underwritten plans can price on your health, which is exactly why a healthy self-employed person who does not qualify for a subsidy often pays less on one. Nobody can quote a real number without those five facts, and anyone who does is guessing. Bring them to a broker and get an actual price.
Does Virginia use healthcare.gov?
Not anymore. Virginia runs its own exchange, Virginia's Insurance Marketplace, so marketplace plans and premium tax credits for Virginia residents go through the state site rather than healthcare.gov. The marketplace is one door, not the only one. It is the right door if you qualify for a subsidy or if your health would fail underwriting. Outside those two situations, a self-employed Virginian can buy a privately underwritten plan, a fixed-benefit plan, or join a pre-established ERISA group plan, none of which run through the exchange.
Can I deduct my health insurance premiums as a self-employed person in Virginia?
Usually, yes. The self-employed health insurance deduction lets you write off health premiums for you, your spouse, and your dependents on your federal return without itemizing, capped at your net self-employment profit minus half of your self-employment tax, and only for months you were not eligible for an employer plan, including a spouse's. Virginia's income tax starts from your federal adjusted gross income, so the deduction generally lowers your Virginia tax as well. Run your own numbers on the free self-employed deduction calculator and confirm with your tax professional.
Thirty minutes on the phone or Zoom, no fee, no hard sell. Bring your age, county, tobacco status, a rough income number, and how you use care. I price the doors that fit you from the carriers I work with and put them side by side. I educate, you decide.
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